2,3,5-Triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride
2,3,5-Triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride
CAS: 298-96-4
Molecular Formula: C19H15ClN4
2,3,5-Triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride - Names and Identifiers
2,3,5-Triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C19H15ClN4 |
| Molar Mass | 334.8 |
| Density | 1.1704 (rough estimate) |
| Melting Point | 250°C(lit.) |
| Boling Point | 490.96°C (rough estimate) |
| Flash Point | 91.7°C |
| Water Solubility | Soluble in water, ethanol and acetone. Insoluble in ether. |
| Solubility | H2O: may be clear to slightly hazy |
| Vapor Presure | 0.0615mmHg at 25°C |
| Appearance | White or bright yellow crystals |
| Color | faint yellow |
| Maximum wavelength(λmax) | ['247 nm'] |
| Merck | 14,9744 |
| BRN | 3923356 |
| Storage Condition | 2-8°C |
| Stability | Stable. Light sensitive. Protect from moisture. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. |
| Sensitive | Light Sensitive & Hygroscopic |
| Refractive Index | 1.6110 (estimate) |
| MDL | MFCD00011963 |
| Use | Used as analytical reagents and chromatographic analysis reagents |
2,3,5-Triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. R20/21/22 - Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. |
| Safety Description | S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | XF8100000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 3-8-10 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 29339900 |
| Toxicity | LD50 intravenous in mouse: 5600ug/kg |
2,3,5-Triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride - Upstream Downstream Industry
| Raw Materials | phenyl hydrazine |
2,3,5-Triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride - Reference
| Reference Show more | 1. Li Antai, Liu Juan, Di Zhengli, et al. Role of pparδ in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats [J]. Chinese Journal of Practical neurological diseases 2013. 2. Di, Zheng, Li, Zhang, GE, Juan, Yan, Fang, et al. Effect of PPAR gamma agonist pioglitazone on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats [J]. Shaanxi Medical Journal 2013(12):1574-1575. 3. Li Yang Cao Hong Li Chun et al. Determination of cell survival rate of Penicillium viridans in ionic liquid by TTC [J]. Food Industry, 2014, 035(004):232-235. 4. Wang Ping, Lei Juntao, Chen Jianghui et al. Study on seed vigor of saposhnikovia divaricata from three different sources [J]. Chinese Journal of endemic disease control 2019v.34(01):29-32. 5. Ma Shuwei, Liu Xingyan, Yin Huafeng, etc. Protective effect of ginkgolide K on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury based on MCU ion channel [J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2019, 054(018):1497-1503. 6. Ning Yawei, Sudan, Fu bathing male, Liu Yangliu, Wang Zhixin, Jia Yingmin. Synergistic antibacterial mechanism of antimicrobial peptide brevilaterin combined with citric acid against Escherichia coli [J]. Food Science, 2020,41(19):31-37. 7. Wu Lulu, Xu Jianfeng, Zhao Yong. In vitro antibacterial and antioxidant activities of ethanol extract and water extract of radix. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2013, 41(005):246-249. 8. Black Xiao-Bin, Li Yi-min, Li Huan, et al. Study on seed characteristics of Rheum palmatum and construction of sterile culture system [J]. Chinese herbal medicine, 2019, v.50;No.653(18):175-182. 9. Qiao, Zhao, Yang. Preliminary Study on red tetrazolium in detection of total bacterial count of seafood [J]. Journal of Food and Fermentation Technology, 2017,53(04):102-103 108. 10. Sun Bo, Cai Xinjun, Wu Tingting, etc. Protective effect of Safflower extract on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice [J]. China Science and Technology of traditional Chinese medicine, 2018, 025(002):205-207. 11. Hou Peiqiu, Zhu Dan, Tang Xi, etc. Protective effects of tissue-type plasminogen activator mutant on acute cerebral infarction in rats [J]. China Journal of Modern Medicine, 2017, 27(004):22-26. 12. Zhang Sai, Lan Yongfa, Yin Yuan. Cloning, expression and immunogenicity of meningococcal fHBP [J]. Chinese Journal of pathogenic biology, 2019, 014(002):141-145. 13. Yang Yi, Li Hao, Zhou Qian, etc. Protective effect of heme oxygenase-1 on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury after limb Ischemic postconditioning [J]. Journal of Clinical Neurology, 2019, 32(02):52-56. 14. Chen, Yan. Protective effect of Fangji Huangqi decoction on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats [J]. Chinese Journal of Experimental prescriptions, 2015, 21(12):134-138. 15. Wang, Xiaolin, Dai, Ying, Di, song, et al. Effect of acupuncture and Qi ginseng capsule on immune function in mice [J]. Modern food 2020(05):169-173. 16. Shuyan Li, Xiaohua Bao, Shuhong Li. In vitro antibacterial activity screening and acute toxicity of different extracts from Mongolian medicine batri Qiwei pills [J]. Chinese Journal of Modern Applied Pharmacy, 36(23). 17. Xue Mengying, Li Lu, Zhang Huafeng, Liu Ziqi. Seasonal variation of flavonoids, alkaloids and antimicrobial activities of three species of Ceratopogonidae [J]. Grassland Science 2018 35(11):2614-2621. 18. Pan Zhendong, Li Lu, Xue Mengying, Zhang Huafeng. Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus by semen taibaiensis [J]. Chinese Journal of Food Science, 2021,21(01):318-326. 19. Wang Na, Yin Haobo, Chen Jixiang. Study on seed quality grading standard of Atractylodes lancea [J]. Seed, 2021,40(02):133-138. 20. Ye Zhang. Prediction, identification and application of Phytophthora capsici effector proteins with host nuclear localization characteristics [D]. Yangzhou University, 2020. 21. Raji, P. , et al. "Antibacterial Activity of Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Saponins and Tannins Mediated Green synthetic Silver Silver Nanoparticles." Journal of Cluster Science 30.5(2019).DOI: 10.1007/s10876-019-01 22. Wan, Xinyuan, et al. "Effects of interaction between a polycation and a nonionic polymer on their cross-assembly into mixed micelles." Soft Matter 11.21 (2015): 4197-4207.https://doi.org/10.1039/C5SM00380F 23. [IF=3.679] Xinyuan Wan et al."Effects of interaction between a polycation and a nonionic polymer on their cross-assembly into mixed micelles."Soft Matter. 2015 May;11(21):4197-4207 24. [IF=6.4] Saixu Huang et al."A Novel Drug Delivery Carrier Comprised of Nimodipine Drug Solution and a Nanoemulsion: Preparation, Characterization, in vitro, and in vivo Studies."Int J Nanomed. 2020; 15: 1161-1172 25. [IF=5.046] Sui Shihua et al."LncRNA MEG8 Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia After Ischemic Stroke Through Targeting miR-130a-5p/VEGFA Signaling."Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2021 Aug;41(6):1311-1324 26. [IF=4.932] Difan Zhang et al."9-Methylfascaplysin exerts anti-ischemic stroke neuroprotective effects via the inhibition of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in rats."Int Immunopharmacol. 2021 Aug;97:107656 27. [IF=3.584] Dai Mingming et al."Icariin enhance mild hypothermia-induced neuroprotection via inhibiting the activation of NF-κB in experimental ischemic stroke."Metab Brain Dis. 2021 Oct;36(7):1779-1790 28. [IF=6.419] Xiangrui Yang et al.N-oleoylethanolamine − phosphatidylcholine complex loaded, DSPE-PEG integrated liposomes for efficient stroke.Drug Deliv. 2021;28(1):2525-2533 29. [IF=6.4] Shichao Wu et al."Endogenous Oleoylethanolamide Crystals Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles with Enhanced Hydrophobic Drug Loading Capacity for Efficient Stroke Therapy."Int J Nanomed. 2021; 16: 8103-8115 |
2,3,5-Triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride - Reference Information
| biological field application | Algae viability say; microbial growth assays; transketolase activity screening assays; detecting bacteria,g-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB),microorganisms,myocardial infarction; measuring dehydrogenase activity; treating cancer |
| EPA chemical information | Information provided by: ofmpub.epa.gov (external link) |
| introduction | triphenyltetrazole chloride is also called 2,3, 5-triphenyltetrazole chloride, tetrazole red, TTC,TTZ, or TPTZ for short, a fat-soluble light-sensitive complex, which can be used to detect the viability of seeds and ischemic infarction in mammalian tissues. |
| Uses | 2,3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride is used as a dye in cell biology research. Sensitive reagents for analytical reagents and chromatographic reagents reducing sugars; distinguish ethanol, ketones and simple aldehydes; determine the activity of dehydrogenase; titrate diborane, pentaborane and decaborane, etc.; analysis of pesticide residues |
| Detection mechanism | The detection mechanism is that TTC itself can be used as a redox indicator, and the dehydrogenase in living cells (especially the succinate in mitochondria) Dehydrogenase) can reduce TTC. For seeds or plant tissues, the staining result is that the living tissue is dyed to varying degrees of red, and the dead tissue or lifeless tissue is not colored. For ischemic infarction tissue, the loss of dehydrogenase activity due to tissue necrosis is pale, while the normal tissue is dark red. The common staining concentration of TTC is 2%(w/v), and the concentration can also be adjusted appropriately according to the tissue type. |
| production method | 1. synthesis of phenylhydrazone: phenylhydrazine is dissolved in 95% ethanol, and benzaldehyde is added in water bath for 1h to obtain phenylhydrazone. 2. Coupling: Dissolve phenylhydrazone in pyridine and couple with aniline diazonium salt. 3. synthesis of 2-3-5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride: dissolve the above coupling substance in methanol and add isoamyl nitrite, then slowly add methanol solution passing through hydrochloric acid gas, add and place for 3-4 hours, then pass through hydrochloric acid gas for 20 minutes, heat in water bath for a moment, add distilled water to evaporate methanol, decolorize, filter and dry to obtain crude product (this step needs to be operated in a dark place). 4. Refining: The crude product is dissolved and heated with water, decolorized, filtered, then concentrated under reduced pressure and nearly dried, filtered out crystals, and washed with a small amount of acetone to obtain the finished product. |
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
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Raw Materials for 2,3,5-Triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride